#1 Child beauty pageants.
Image source: Art3misAlice, Min An/Pexels (Not the actual photo)
#2 Working 40+ hours a week to make enough money to still be in poverty.
Image source: Madea_onFire, Yury Kim/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#3 Zero tolerance in schools. Protects the bully and harms the innocent
Image source: Creative-Rock-794, Mikhail Nilov/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#4 Phone use while behind the wheel. Every trip out is a death roulette game. I see someone nearly drift into my lane all the time.
Image source: embertml, D’Vaughn Bell/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#5 Poor care of “beginner” pets like goldfish, hamsters, leopard geckos etc.
Image source: piebaldism, pelican/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#6 Dumping unwanted Cats off in “the country” because some farmer will take them in. No, no they won’t. Farmers already have enough Cats and the existing population will typically drive off outsiders, so now you have a housecat with no survival skills in the middle of nowhere being easy prey for Coyotes, Foxes, Owls, or farm Dogs. And that’s if they don’t get hit by a car like happens to a great many abandoned pets.
Image source: D1375
#7 Having to pay for vision and dental insurance in addition to health insurance. Last time I checked, your eyeballs and teeth were part of your body and should be considered under medical insurance.
Image source: Accurate-Yak7531, Anna Shvets/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#8 Having children when you’re not mentally or financially stable, said what I said.
Image source: Sylar_Cats_n_coffee, Ahmed Aqtai/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#9 The amount of plastic we use. It’s absolutely insane.
Image source: anon, Carl Campbell/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#10 For profit healthcare.
Image source: stumpy_chica, Karolina Grabowska/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#11 Forcing mothers to go back to work when their babies are like, fresh from the womb. It’s barbaric and cruel.
Image source: Pssy4LunchDck4Dins, Sarah Chai/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#12 The fact that so many people live on the streets when empty housing exists. I don’t care what just world fallacy people want to peddle, that s**t is ghoulish and inhumane. If there are empty homes, there shouldn’t be homeless people.
Image source: NoWorth2591, Nick Fewings/Unsplash (not the actual photo)
#13 Filming strangers without their knowledge or consent and posting it online for millions to see.
Image source: Tranquilcobra, SCREEN POST/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#14 Massive wealth inequality. As long as there are people starving to death for lack of food, there should be no such thing as a billionaire.
Image source: Gnostikost, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#15 delivery drivers and waitresses having their wages determined by customers and not their employers. aka, living off of tips while employers don’t pay enough.
Image source: Fireramble, Ketut Subiyanto/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#16 Child marriage. Look at how many US states allow child marriages with “parents permission”. If a f*****g child can’t consent to sex its probably wrong that their parents can consent to their marriage.
Image source: missingsynapse, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#17 CEO pay.
Image source: JohannaSr, Karolina Grabowska/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#18 Driving drunk/high among teens. People my age (18) often mention it in passing like it’s no big deal, then I’m treated like a wet blanket for making a thing out of it. No, Kevin, you don’t “drive better high” you’re just selfish.
Image source: grime_girl, Tobi/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#19 Parents posting their children’s entire lives on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, TikTok and treating them as accessories instead of people. Imagine the horror stories we’ll probably hear from these “kidfluencers” in 10-20 years time.
Image source: gumonmyshoewhoops, Budgeron Bach/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#20 Corporate crimes having almost no consequences.
Image source: trolleyproblems, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#21 Getting puppies for Christmas just to rehome a couple months later(dump at shelters).
Image source: Mzzdahlia, Jayden Burdick/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#22 Having toddlers scroll TikTok so they shut up. Hell every human under 12 shouldn’t be anywhere near.
Image source: deathbythirty, Andrea Piacquadio/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#23 Treating children like dirt and expecting respect in return.
Image source: StrivelDownEconomics, Gustavo Fring/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#24 Doctors dismissing severe period symptoms because it’s ‘normal’ —> if you are vomiting, cannot move from pain and passing out from blood loss they don’t rly care and usually just give you a slightly better pain medicine like naproxen which does f**k all and tell you to get over yourself. If you had these symptoms and did not have periods you’d be admitted into hospital on the spot.
Image source: username087544
#25 Citing religion in government policy making.
Image source: Itsalandsharkok, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#26 Trying to guilt the consumer into thinking that they are the ones who can really make a difference with recycling, when 98% of all waste is industrial, retail and restaurant and none of them are big on recycling if they do it at all. Figure is from science writer Elizabeth Royte’s book Garbage Land.
Image source: Soapist_Culture, Mussi Katz/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#27 Restaurants and grocery stores throwing away mass quantities of good, edible food and not being allowed to donate it.
Image source: RphWrites, Nick Saltmarsh/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#28 Most gynecological procedures, as they often don’t allow anesthetics and can be downright barbaric. Women get screwed when it comes to healthcare.
Image source: mosinderella, Pavel Danilyuk/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#29 In North America – tipping culture . It’s gotten out of hand.
Image source: HeyWiredyyc
#30 Expecting people to be contactable 24/7 and acting like someone is rude if they don’t respond relatively promptly.
Image source: wellyboot97, Adrienn/Pexels (not the actual photo) Back when the main form of contact was calls, it was deemed relatively normal for people to not answer as they were busy or not home, therefore it was so much easier to switch off and enjoy other things. Now it’s expected that people are pretty much connected to everyone all the time and if you try to disconnect from that a bit it can almost get you socially ostracised. You can relate it to workplaces as well and the rise of employers basically expecting workers to be contactable 24/7.
title: “30 Normalised Things That Are Actually Pretty Abnormal” ShowToc: true date: “2024-10-17” author: “Kathleen Crisp”
#1 Child beauty pageants.
Image source: Art3misAlice, Min An/Pexels (Not the actual photo)
#2 Working 40+ hours a week to make enough money to still be in poverty.
Image source: Madea_onFire, Yury Kim/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#3 Zero tolerance in schools. Protects the bully and harms the innocent
Image source: Creative-Rock-794, Mikhail Nilov/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#4 Phone use while behind the wheel. Every trip out is a death roulette game. I see someone nearly drift into my lane all the time.
Image source: embertml, D’Vaughn Bell/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#5 Poor care of “beginner” pets like goldfish, hamsters, leopard geckos etc.
Image source: piebaldism, pelican/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#6 Dumping unwanted Cats off in “the country” because some farmer will take them in. No, no they won’t. Farmers already have enough Cats and the existing population will typically drive off outsiders, so now you have a housecat with no survival skills in the middle of nowhere being easy prey for Coyotes, Foxes, Owls, or farm Dogs. And that’s if they don’t get hit by a car like happens to a great many abandoned pets.
Image source: D1375
#7 Having to pay for vision and dental insurance in addition to health insurance. Last time I checked, your eyeballs and teeth were part of your body and should be considered under medical insurance.
Image source: Accurate-Yak7531, Anna Shvets/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#8 Having children when you’re not mentally or financially stable, said what I said.
Image source: Sylar_Cats_n_coffee, Ahmed Aqtai/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#9 The amount of plastic we use. It’s absolutely insane.
Image source: anon, Carl Campbell/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#10 For profit healthcare.
Image source: stumpy_chica, Karolina Grabowska/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#11 Forcing mothers to go back to work when their babies are like, fresh from the womb. It’s barbaric and cruel.
Image source: Pssy4LunchDck4Dins, Sarah Chai/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#12 The fact that so many people live on the streets when empty housing exists. I don’t care what just world fallacy people want to peddle, that s**t is ghoulish and inhumane. If there are empty homes, there shouldn’t be homeless people.
Image source: NoWorth2591, Nick Fewings/Unsplash (not the actual photo)
#13 Filming strangers without their knowledge or consent and posting it online for millions to see.
Image source: Tranquilcobra, SCREEN POST/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#14 Massive wealth inequality. As long as there are people starving to death for lack of food, there should be no such thing as a billionaire.
Image source: Gnostikost, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#15 delivery drivers and waitresses having their wages determined by customers and not their employers. aka, living off of tips while employers don’t pay enough.
Image source: Fireramble, Ketut Subiyanto/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#16 Child marriage. Look at how many US states allow child marriages with “parents permission”. If a f*****g child can’t consent to sex its probably wrong that their parents can consent to their marriage.
Image source: missingsynapse, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#17 CEO pay.
Image source: JohannaSr, Karolina Grabowska/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#18 Driving drunk/high among teens. People my age (18) often mention it in passing like it’s no big deal, then I’m treated like a wet blanket for making a thing out of it. No, Kevin, you don’t “drive better high” you’re just selfish.
Image source: grime_girl, Tobi/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#19 Parents posting their children’s entire lives on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, TikTok and treating them as accessories instead of people. Imagine the horror stories we’ll probably hear from these “kidfluencers” in 10-20 years time.
Image source: gumonmyshoewhoops, Budgeron Bach/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#20 Corporate crimes having almost no consequences.
Image source: trolleyproblems, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#21 Getting puppies for Christmas just to rehome a couple months later(dump at shelters).
Image source: Mzzdahlia, Jayden Burdick/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#22 Having toddlers scroll TikTok so they shut up. Hell every human under 12 shouldn’t be anywhere near.
Image source: deathbythirty, Andrea Piacquadio/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#23 Treating children like dirt and expecting respect in return.
Image source: StrivelDownEconomics, Gustavo Fring/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#24 Doctors dismissing severe period symptoms because it’s ‘normal’ —> if you are vomiting, cannot move from pain and passing out from blood loss they don’t rly care and usually just give you a slightly better pain medicine like naproxen which does f**k all and tell you to get over yourself. If you had these symptoms and did not have periods you’d be admitted into hospital on the spot.
Image source: username087544
#25 Citing religion in government policy making.
Image source: Itsalandsharkok, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#26 Trying to guilt the consumer into thinking that they are the ones who can really make a difference with recycling, when 98% of all waste is industrial, retail and restaurant and none of them are big on recycling if they do it at all. Figure is from science writer Elizabeth Royte’s book Garbage Land.
Image source: Soapist_Culture, Mussi Katz/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#27 Restaurants and grocery stores throwing away mass quantities of good, edible food and not being allowed to donate it.
Image source: RphWrites, Nick Saltmarsh/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#28 Most gynecological procedures, as they often don’t allow anesthetics and can be downright barbaric. Women get screwed when it comes to healthcare.
Image source: mosinderella, Pavel Danilyuk/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#29 In North America – tipping culture . It’s gotten out of hand.
Image source: HeyWiredyyc
#30 Expecting people to be contactable 24/7 and acting like someone is rude if they don’t respond relatively promptly.
Image source: wellyboot97, Adrienn/Pexels (not the actual photo) Back when the main form of contact was calls, it was deemed relatively normal for people to not answer as they were busy or not home, therefore it was so much easier to switch off and enjoy other things. Now it’s expected that people are pretty much connected to everyone all the time and if you try to disconnect from that a bit it can almost get you socially ostracised. You can relate it to workplaces as well and the rise of employers basically expecting workers to be contactable 24/7.
title: “30 Normalised Things That Are Actually Pretty Abnormal” ShowToc: true date: “2024-10-13” author: “Grace Marzinske”
#1 Child beauty pageants.
Image source: Art3misAlice, Min An/Pexels (Not the actual photo)
#2 Working 40+ hours a week to make enough money to still be in poverty.
Image source: Madea_onFire, Yury Kim/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#3 Zero tolerance in schools. Protects the bully and harms the innocent
Image source: Creative-Rock-794, Mikhail Nilov/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#4 Phone use while behind the wheel. Every trip out is a death roulette game. I see someone nearly drift into my lane all the time.
Image source: embertml, D’Vaughn Bell/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#5 Poor care of “beginner” pets like goldfish, hamsters, leopard geckos etc.
Image source: piebaldism, pelican/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#6 Dumping unwanted Cats off in “the country” because some farmer will take them in. No, no they won’t. Farmers already have enough Cats and the existing population will typically drive off outsiders, so now you have a housecat with no survival skills in the middle of nowhere being easy prey for Coyotes, Foxes, Owls, or farm Dogs. And that’s if they don’t get hit by a car like happens to a great many abandoned pets.
Image source: D1375
#7 Having to pay for vision and dental insurance in addition to health insurance. Last time I checked, your eyeballs and teeth were part of your body and should be considered under medical insurance.
Image source: Accurate-Yak7531, Anna Shvets/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#8 Having children when you’re not mentally or financially stable, said what I said.
Image source: Sylar_Cats_n_coffee, Ahmed Aqtai/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#9 The amount of plastic we use. It’s absolutely insane.
Image source: anon, Carl Campbell/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#10 For profit healthcare.
Image source: stumpy_chica, Karolina Grabowska/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#11 Forcing mothers to go back to work when their babies are like, fresh from the womb. It’s barbaric and cruel.
Image source: Pssy4LunchDck4Dins, Sarah Chai/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#12 The fact that so many people live on the streets when empty housing exists. I don’t care what just world fallacy people want to peddle, that s**t is ghoulish and inhumane. If there are empty homes, there shouldn’t be homeless people.
Image source: NoWorth2591, Nick Fewings/Unsplash (not the actual photo)
#13 Filming strangers without their knowledge or consent and posting it online for millions to see.
Image source: Tranquilcobra, SCREEN POST/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#14 Massive wealth inequality. As long as there are people starving to death for lack of food, there should be no such thing as a billionaire.
Image source: Gnostikost, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#15 delivery drivers and waitresses having their wages determined by customers and not their employers. aka, living off of tips while employers don’t pay enough.
Image source: Fireramble, Ketut Subiyanto/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#16 Child marriage. Look at how many US states allow child marriages with “parents permission”. If a f*****g child can’t consent to sex its probably wrong that their parents can consent to their marriage.
Image source: missingsynapse, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#17 CEO pay.
Image source: JohannaSr, Karolina Grabowska/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#18 Driving drunk/high among teens. People my age (18) often mention it in passing like it’s no big deal, then I’m treated like a wet blanket for making a thing out of it. No, Kevin, you don’t “drive better high” you’re just selfish.
Image source: grime_girl, Tobi/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#19 Parents posting their children’s entire lives on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, TikTok and treating them as accessories instead of people. Imagine the horror stories we’ll probably hear from these “kidfluencers” in 10-20 years time.
Image source: gumonmyshoewhoops, Budgeron Bach/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#20 Corporate crimes having almost no consequences.
Image source: trolleyproblems, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#21 Getting puppies for Christmas just to rehome a couple months later(dump at shelters).
Image source: Mzzdahlia, Jayden Burdick/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#22 Having toddlers scroll TikTok so they shut up. Hell every human under 12 shouldn’t be anywhere near.
Image source: deathbythirty, Andrea Piacquadio/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#23 Treating children like dirt and expecting respect in return.
Image source: StrivelDownEconomics, Gustavo Fring/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#24 Doctors dismissing severe period symptoms because it’s ‘normal’ —> if you are vomiting, cannot move from pain and passing out from blood loss they don’t rly care and usually just give you a slightly better pain medicine like naproxen which does f**k all and tell you to get over yourself. If you had these symptoms and did not have periods you’d be admitted into hospital on the spot.
Image source: username087544
#25 Citing religion in government policy making.
Image source: Itsalandsharkok, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#26 Trying to guilt the consumer into thinking that they are the ones who can really make a difference with recycling, when 98% of all waste is industrial, retail and restaurant and none of them are big on recycling if they do it at all. Figure is from science writer Elizabeth Royte’s book Garbage Land.
Image source: Soapist_Culture, Mussi Katz/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#27 Restaurants and grocery stores throwing away mass quantities of good, edible food and not being allowed to donate it.
Image source: RphWrites, Nick Saltmarsh/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#28 Most gynecological procedures, as they often don’t allow anesthetics and can be downright barbaric. Women get screwed when it comes to healthcare.
Image source: mosinderella, Pavel Danilyuk/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#29 In North America – tipping culture . It’s gotten out of hand.
Image source: HeyWiredyyc
#30 Expecting people to be contactable 24/7 and acting like someone is rude if they don’t respond relatively promptly.
Image source: wellyboot97, Adrienn/Pexels (not the actual photo) Back when the main form of contact was calls, it was deemed relatively normal for people to not answer as they were busy or not home, therefore it was so much easier to switch off and enjoy other things. Now it’s expected that people are pretty much connected to everyone all the time and if you try to disconnect from that a bit it can almost get you socially ostracised. You can relate it to workplaces as well and the rise of employers basically expecting workers to be contactable 24/7.
title: “30 Normalised Things That Are Actually Pretty Abnormal” ShowToc: true date: “2024-08-27” author: “Matthew Porter”
#1 Child beauty pageants.
Image source: Art3misAlice, Min An/Pexels (Not the actual photo)
#2 Working 40+ hours a week to make enough money to still be in poverty.
Image source: Madea_onFire, Yury Kim/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#3 Zero tolerance in schools. Protects the bully and harms the innocent
Image source: Creative-Rock-794, Mikhail Nilov/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#4 Phone use while behind the wheel. Every trip out is a death roulette game. I see someone nearly drift into my lane all the time.
Image source: embertml, D’Vaughn Bell/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#5 Poor care of “beginner” pets like goldfish, hamsters, leopard geckos etc.
Image source: piebaldism, pelican/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#6 Dumping unwanted Cats off in “the country” because some farmer will take them in. No, no they won’t. Farmers already have enough Cats and the existing population will typically drive off outsiders, so now you have a housecat with no survival skills in the middle of nowhere being easy prey for Coyotes, Foxes, Owls, or farm Dogs. And that’s if they don’t get hit by a car like happens to a great many abandoned pets.
Image source: D1375
#7 Having to pay for vision and dental insurance in addition to health insurance. Last time I checked, your eyeballs and teeth were part of your body and should be considered under medical insurance.
Image source: Accurate-Yak7531, Anna Shvets/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#8 Having children when you’re not mentally or financially stable, said what I said.
Image source: Sylar_Cats_n_coffee, Ahmed Aqtai/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#9 The amount of plastic we use. It’s absolutely insane.
Image source: anon, Carl Campbell/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#10 For profit healthcare.
Image source: stumpy_chica, Karolina Grabowska/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#11 Forcing mothers to go back to work when their babies are like, fresh from the womb. It’s barbaric and cruel.
Image source: Pssy4LunchDck4Dins, Sarah Chai/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#12 The fact that so many people live on the streets when empty housing exists. I don’t care what just world fallacy people want to peddle, that s**t is ghoulish and inhumane. If there are empty homes, there shouldn’t be homeless people.
Image source: NoWorth2591, Nick Fewings/Unsplash (not the actual photo)
#13 Filming strangers without their knowledge or consent and posting it online for millions to see.
Image source: Tranquilcobra, SCREEN POST/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#14 Massive wealth inequality. As long as there are people starving to death for lack of food, there should be no such thing as a billionaire.
Image source: Gnostikost, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#15 delivery drivers and waitresses having their wages determined by customers and not their employers. aka, living off of tips while employers don’t pay enough.
Image source: Fireramble, Ketut Subiyanto/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#16 Child marriage. Look at how many US states allow child marriages with “parents permission”. If a f*****g child can’t consent to sex its probably wrong that their parents can consent to their marriage.
Image source: missingsynapse, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#17 CEO pay.
Image source: JohannaSr, Karolina Grabowska/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#18 Driving drunk/high among teens. People my age (18) often mention it in passing like it’s no big deal, then I’m treated like a wet blanket for making a thing out of it. No, Kevin, you don’t “drive better high” you’re just selfish.
Image source: grime_girl, Tobi/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#19 Parents posting their children’s entire lives on Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, TikTok and treating them as accessories instead of people. Imagine the horror stories we’ll probably hear from these “kidfluencers” in 10-20 years time.
Image source: gumonmyshoewhoops, Budgeron Bach/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#20 Corporate crimes having almost no consequences.
Image source: trolleyproblems, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#21 Getting puppies for Christmas just to rehome a couple months later(dump at shelters).
Image source: Mzzdahlia, Jayden Burdick/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#22 Having toddlers scroll TikTok so they shut up. Hell every human under 12 shouldn’t be anywhere near.
Image source: deathbythirty, Andrea Piacquadio/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#23 Treating children like dirt and expecting respect in return.
Image source: StrivelDownEconomics, Gustavo Fring/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#24 Doctors dismissing severe period symptoms because it’s ‘normal’ —> if you are vomiting, cannot move from pain and passing out from blood loss they don’t rly care and usually just give you a slightly better pain medicine like naproxen which does f**k all and tell you to get over yourself. If you had these symptoms and did not have periods you’d be admitted into hospital on the spot.
Image source: username087544
#25 Citing religion in government policy making.
Image source: Itsalandsharkok, Pixabay/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#26 Trying to guilt the consumer into thinking that they are the ones who can really make a difference with recycling, when 98% of all waste is industrial, retail and restaurant and none of them are big on recycling if they do it at all. Figure is from science writer Elizabeth Royte’s book Garbage Land.
Image source: Soapist_Culture, Mussi Katz/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#27 Restaurants and grocery stores throwing away mass quantities of good, edible food and not being allowed to donate it.
Image source: RphWrites, Nick Saltmarsh/Flickr (not the actual photo)
#28 Most gynecological procedures, as they often don’t allow anesthetics and can be downright barbaric. Women get screwed when it comes to healthcare.
Image source: mosinderella, Pavel Danilyuk/Pexels (not the actual photo)
#29 In North America – tipping culture . It’s gotten out of hand.
Image source: HeyWiredyyc
#30 Expecting people to be contactable 24/7 and acting like someone is rude if they don’t respond relatively promptly.
Image source: wellyboot97, Adrienn/Pexels (not the actual photo) Back when the main form of contact was calls, it was deemed relatively normal for people to not answer as they were busy or not home, therefore it was so much easier to switch off and enjoy other things. Now it’s expected that people are pretty much connected to everyone all the time and if you try to disconnect from that a bit it can almost get you socially ostracised. You can relate it to workplaces as well and the rise of employers basically expecting workers to be contactable 24/7.
